Adam Summers

Member of Technical Staff

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Member of Technical Staff

asummer@sandia.gov

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(505) 401-1562

Biography

Adam K. Summers is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff in the Electric Power Systems Research Department at Sandia National Laboratories. He holds a Master’s in electrical engineering from The University of New Mexico focused on electric power systems. He is a Member of IEEE and Sigma XI. His research interests and expertise include power system modeling, machine learning, real-time simulations, power system resilience, power system protection, and resilient energy integration.

Education

  • Masters of Science, Electrical Engineering, University of New Mexico
  • Bachelors of Science, Electrical Engineering, University of New Mexico
  • Bachelors of Arts, Economics, University of New Mexico

Publications

  • Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Sun, S., Payne, E., al-Homoud, L., Summers, A., Layton, A., Davis, K., Goes, C., & Goes, C. (2024). Leveraging graph clustering techniques for cyber-physical system analysis to enhance disturbance characterisation. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications, 9(4), pp. 392-406. https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12087 Publication ID: 122756
  • Reno, M.J., Jimenez-Aparicio, M., Patel, T., Summers, A., Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Wilches-Bernal, F., Montoya, A., Dow, A.R.R., Kelly, D.J., Matthews, R., Ojetola, S.T., Darbali-Zamora, R., Palacios, F., Flicker, J.D., Bidram, A., Paruthiyil, S.K., Montoya, R., Poudel, B., Rajendra-Kurup, A., … Bauer, D. (2024). Adaptive Protection and Control for High Penetration PV and Grid Resilience (Final Technical Report). https://doi.org/10.2172/2382709 Publication ID: 124860
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Adams, R., Chatterjee, A., Davis, K., Layton, A., Huang, H., & Huang, H. (2023). Towards the Characterization of Cyber-Physical System Interdependencies in the Electric Grid [Conference Proceeding]. https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI57361.2023.10197709 Publication ID: 131088
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Adams, R., Goes, C., Chatterjee, A., Layton, A., Davis, K., Huang, H., & Huang, H. (2023). Towards the Characterization of Cyber-Physical System Interdependencies in the Electric Grid [Conference Presenation]. 2023 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois, PECI 2023. https://doi.org/10.2172/2431849 Publication ID: 130396
  • Matthews, R.C., Patel, T., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2022). Optimal Coordination of Distance and Overcurrent Relays with Sparse Placement [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/2005447 Publication ID: 119224
  • Matthews, R.C., Patel, T., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2022). A Graph Theory Approach for Placing Overcurrent Relays and Reclosers for Economical Protection of Meshed Transmission Networks [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/2005446 Publication ID: 119220
  • Jimenez, Y., Onunkwo, I., Khalafalla, A., Paudyal, S., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2022). Cyber-Physical Security Analysis of a DER Application for IoT Communications [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2004498 Publication ID: 117180
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Kolaczkowski, B., Goes, C., Fasano, R., Mao, Z., al Homoud, L., Davis, K., Overbye, T., & Overbye, T. (2022). Harmonized Automatic Relay Mitigation of Nefarious Intentional Events (HARMONIE) – Special Protection Scheme (SPS). https://doi.org/10.2172/1890265 Publication ID: 80308
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Chavez, A.R., Jacobs, N., Jones, C.B., Summers, A., Wright, B., & Wright, B. (2022). Securing Inverter Communication: Proactive Intrusion Detection and Mitigation System to Tap, Analyze, and Act. https://doi.org/10.2172/1861984 Publication ID: 80582
  • Summers, A., Goes, C., Calzada, D., Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Mao, Z., & Mao, Z. (2022). Towards Cyber-Physical Special Protection Schemes: Design and Development of a Co-Simulation Testbed Leveraging SCEPTRETM [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/2001951 Publication ID: 108808
  • Matthews, R., Patel, T., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2022). Optimal Coordination of Distance and Overcurrent Relays with Sparse Placement [Conference Paper]. 2022 North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS56150.2022.10012216 Publication ID: 116712
  • Summers, A., Goes, C., Calzada, D., Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Mao, Z., & Mao, Z. (2022). Towards Cyber-Physical Special Protection Schemes: Design and Development of a Co-Simulation Testbed Leveraging SCEPTRE™ [Conference Paper]. 2022 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois, PECI 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI54197.2022.9744043 Publication ID: 107332
  • Poudel, B.P., Bidram, A., Reno, M.J., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2022). Zonal Machine Learning-Based Protection for Distribution Systems. IEEE Access, 10, pp. 66634-66645. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3184865 Publication ID: 80843
  • Matthews, R., Patel, T., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2022). A Graph Theory Approach for Placing Overcurrent Relays and Reclosers for Economical Protection of Meshed Transmission Networks [Conference Paper]. 2022 North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS56150.2022.10012215 Publication ID: 116728
  • Summers, A., Patel, T., Matthews, R., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2022). Prediction of Relay Settings in an Adaptive Protection System [Conference Poster]. 2022 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2022. https://doi.org/10.2172/2002355 Publication ID: 110364
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Calzada, D., Goes, C., Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Davis, K., Li, H., Mao, Z., Overbye, T., Shetye, K., & Shetye, K. (2021). Adaptive, Cyber-Physical Special Protection Schemes to Defend the Electric Grid Against Predictable and Unpredictable Disturbances [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1893607 Publication ID: 76353
  • Chavez, A.R., Cordeiro, P.G., Huang, G., Kitsos, P., la Pay, T., Short, A., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2021). Named Data Networking for DER Cybersecurity. https://doi.org/10.2172/1820522 Publication ID: 75681
  • Johnson, J., Jencka, L., Ortiz, T., Jones, C.B., Chavez, A.R., Wright, B., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2021). Design Considerations for Distributed Energy Resource Honeypots and Canaries. https://doi.org/10.2172/1821540 Publication ID: 75774
  • Johnson, J., Reno, M.J., Darbali-Zamora, R., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2021). Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Research at Sandia National Laboratories: Devices-to-Systems [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1881705 Publication ID: 79705
  • Summers, A., Patel, T., Matthews, R., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2021). Prediction of Relay Settings in an Adaptive Protection System [Conference Paper]. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT50606.2022.9817483 Publication ID: 75428
  • Summers, A., Matthews, R., Patel, T., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2021). Power System Protection Parameter Sensitivity Analysis with Integrated Inverter Based Resources [Conference Paper]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518534 Publication ID: 78863
  • Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2021). Modeling data flows with network calculus in cyber-physical systems: Enabling feature analysis for anomaly detection applications. Information (Switzerland), 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060255 Publication ID: 78911
  • Poudel, B., Garcia, D.R., Bidram, A., Reno, M.J., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2021). Circuit Topology Estimation in an Adaptive Protection System [Conference Presenation]. 2020 52nd North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2020. https://doi.org/10.2172/1862901 Publication ID: 77999
  • Summers, A., Mathew, R., Patel, T., Reno, M., & Reno, M. (2021). Power System Protection Parameter Sensitivity Analysis with Integrated Inverter Based Resources [Conference Paper]. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518534 Publication ID: 78240
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Chavez, A.R., Jacobs, N., Jones, C.B., Summers, A., Wright, B., & Wright, B. (2021). Proactive Intrusion Detection and Mitigation System: Case Study on Packet Replay Attacks in Distributed Energy Resource Systems [Conference Presenation]. 2021 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois, PECI 2021. https://doi.org/10.2172/1860305 Publication ID: 77798
  • Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Calzada, D., Li, H., Mao, Z., Goes, C., Davis, K., Shetye, K., & Shetye, K. (2021). Next-Generation Relay Voting Scheme Design Leveraging Consensus Algorithms [Conference Presenation]. 2021 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois, PECI 2021. https://doi.org/10.2172/1860603 Publication ID: 77814
  • Jones, C.B., Chavez, A.R., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Wright, B., & Wright, B. (2021). Unsupervised Online Anomaly Detection to Identify Cyber-Attacks on Internet Connected Photovoltaic System Inverters [Conference Paper]. https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI51586.2021.9435234 Publication ID: 77572
  • Lai, C., Chavez, A.R., Jones, C.B., Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Johnson, J.B., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2021). Review of Intrusion Detection Methods and Tools for Distributed Energy Resources. https://doi.org/10.2172/1769265 Publication ID: 77220
  • Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Calzada, D., Li, H., Mao, Z., Goes, C., Davis, K., Shetye, K., & Shetye, K. (2021). Next-Generation Relay Voting Scheme Design Leveraging Consensus Algorithms [Conference Paper]. https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI51586.2021.9435201 Publication ID: 77385
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Chavez, A.R., Jacobs, N., Jones, C.B., Summers, A., Wright, B., & Wright, B. (2021). Proactive Intrusion Detection and Mitigation System: Case Study on Packet Replay Attacks in Distributed Energy Resource Systems [Conference Paper]. https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI51586.2021.9435231 Publication ID: 77286
  • Hossain-McKenzie, S., Calzada, D., Goes, C., Jacobs, N., Summers, A., Davis, K., Li, H., Mao, Z., Overbye, T., Shetye, K., & Shetye, K. (2021). Adaptive, Cyber-Physical Special Protection Schemes to Defend the Electric Grid Against Predictable and Unpredictable Disturbances [Conference Paper]. 2021 Resilience Week, RWS 2021 – Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611801 Publication ID: 75992
  • Matthews, R.C., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., & Reno, M.J. (2021). An Algorithm for Placement of Directional and Nondirectional Protection Elements in a Fully Protected Network [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1854667 Publication ID: 74993
  • Jones, C.B., Lave, M., Reno, M.J., Darbali-Zamora, R., Summers, A., Hossain-McKenzie, S., & Hossain-McKenzie, S. (2020). Volt-var curve reactive power control requirements and risks for feeders with distributed roof-top photovoltaic systems. Energies, 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174303 Publication ID: 99348
  • Summers, A., Johnson, J., Darbali-Zamora, R., Hansen, C., Anandan, J., Showalter, C., & Showalter, C. (2020). A comparison of der voltage regulation technologies using real-time simulations. Energies, 13(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143562 Publication ID: 73541
  • Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Gurule, N., Reno, M.J., Flicker, J.D., Summers, A., Ellis, A., & Ellis, A. (2020). Method to Interface Grid-Forming Inverters into Power Hardware in the Loop Setups [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85099588417&origin=inward Publication ID: 73744
  • Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Gurule, N., Reno, M.J., Flicker, J.D., Summers, A., Ellis, A., & Ellis, A. (2020). Method to Interface Grid-Forming Inverters into Power Hardware in the Loop Setups [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85099588417&origin=inward Publication ID: 73741
  • Poudel, B., Garcia, D.R., Bidram, A., Reno, M.J., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2020). Circuit Topology Estimation in an Adaptive Protection System [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1805338 Publication ID: 73958
  • Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Summers, A., Jones, C.B., Wright, B., Chavez, A.R., & Chavez, A.R. (2020). Cyber-physical observability for the electric grid [Conference Poster]. 2020 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference, TPEC 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC48276.2020.9042494 Publication ID: 72300
  • Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Summers, A., Jones, C.B., Wright, B., Chavez, A.R., & Chavez, A.R. (2020). Cyber-Physical Observability for the Electric Grid [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC48276.2020.9042494 Publication ID: 70700
  • Matthews, R.C., Reno, M.J., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2019). A graph theory method for identification of a minimum breakpoint set for directional relay coordination. Electronics (Switzerland), 8(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121376 Publication ID: 65458
  • Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Gurule, N., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., Flicker, J.D., Ellis, A., & Ellis, A. (2019). Method to Interface Grid-Forming Inverters into Power Hardware in the Loop [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643258 Publication ID: 66247
  • Gurule, N., Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Reno, M.J., Summers, A., Gonzalez, S., Flicker, J.D., & Flicker, J.D. (2019). Grid-forming Inverter Experimental Testing of Fault Current Contributions [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980892 Publication ID: 69394
  • Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., Flicker, J.D., & Flicker, J.D. (2019). Simulation of Grid-Forming Inverters (GFMIs) Dynamic Models using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640965 Publication ID: 69411
  • Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Summers, A., Reno, M.J., Flicker, J.D., Pragallapati, N., & Pragallapati, N. (2019). Simulation of Grid-Forming Inverters Dynamic Models using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85081640956&origin=inward Publication ID: 69393
  • Gurule, N., Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Reno, M.J., Summers, A., Gonzalez, S., Flicker, J.D., & Flicker, J.D. (2019). Grid-forming Inverter Experimental Testing of Fault Current Contributions [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980892 Publication ID: 69331
  • Darbali-Zamora, R., Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Summers, A., Gurule, N., Reno, M.J., Johnson, J.B., & Johnson, J.B. (2019). Distribution Feeder Fault Comparison Utilizing a Real-Time Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for Photovoltaic System Applications [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980944 Publication ID: 69206
  • Darbali-Zamora, R., Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Summers, A., Gurule, N., Reno, M.J., Johnson, J.B., & Johnson, J.B. (2019). Distribution Feeder Fault Comparison Utilizing a Real-Time Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for Photovoltaic System Applications [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980944 Publication ID: 69198
  • Summers, A., Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Darbali-Zamora, R., Reno, M.J., Johnson, J.B., Gurule, N., & Gurule, N. (2019). Comparison of Ideal Transformer Method and Damping Impedance Method for PV Power-Hardware-In-The-Loop Experiments [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980690 Publication ID: 69163
  • Summers, A., Hernandez-Alvidrez, J., Darbali-Zamora, R., Reno, M.J., Johnson, J.B., Gurule, N., & Gurule, N. (2019). Comparison of Ideal Transformer Method and Damping Impedance Method for PV Power-Hardware-In-The-Loop Experiments [Conference Poster]. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980690 Publication ID: 69084
  • Chavez, A.R., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Jones, C.B., Johnson, J.B., Lai, C.F., Jacobs, N., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2019). Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Design for Distributed Energy Resource Systems [Presentation]. https://doi.org/10.1109/CyberPELS.2019.8925064 Publication ID: 68342
  • Chavez, A.R., Lai, C.F., Jacobs, N., Hossain-McKenzie, S., Jones, C.B., Johnson, J.B., Summers, A., & Summers, A. (2019). Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Design for Distributed Energy Resource Systems [Conference Poster]. 2019 IEEE CyberPELS, CyberPELS 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/CyberPELS.2019.8925064 Publication ID: 68251
  • Alvidrez, J., Summers, A., Pragallapati, N., Reno, M.J., Ranade, S., Johnson, J., Brahma, S., Quiroz, J.E., & Quiroz, J.E. (2018). PV-Inverter Dynamic Model Validation and Comparison Under Fault Scenarios Using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1526428 Publication ID: 62564
  • Alvidrez, J., Summers, A., Pragallapati, N., Reno, M.J., Ranade, S., Johnson, J., Brahma, S., Quiroz, J.E., & Quiroz, J.E. (2018). PV-Inverter Dynamic Model Validation and Comparison Under Fault Scenarios Using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1526425 Publication ID: 62561
  • Guttromson, R., Gravagne, I., Berg, J.C., White, J.R., Wilches-Bernal, F., Summers, A., Schoenwald, D.A., & Schoenwald, D.A. (2018). Use and Testing of a Wind Turbine for the Supply of Balancing Reserves and Wide-Area Grid Stability. https://doi.org/10.2172/1489627 Publication ID: 62948
Showing 10 of 54 publications.

Patents & Trademarks

  • Digital Twin Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS) and Methods. Non-Provisional Patent Application Number 17/193175
  • Proactive Intrusion Detection and Mitigation System. Non-Provisional Patent Application Number 17/217702
  • Systems and Methods for Interfacing a Grid Forming Inverter to a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed. Provisional Patent Application Number 63/184701