Wind Publications

Brown, K., P. Bortolotti, E. Branlard, M. Chetan, S. Dana, N. deVelder, P. Doubrawa, N. Hamilton, H. Ivanov, J. Jonkman, C. Kelley, and D. Zalkind. “One-to-one aeroservoelastic validation of operational loads and performance of a 2.8 MW wind turbine model in OpenFAST.” Wind Energy Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1791-2024.

Brown, K., G. Yalla, L. Cheung, N. deVelder, D. Houck, J. Frederik, E. Simley, and P. Fleming. “Comparison of wind-farm control strategies under realistic offshore wind conditions: wake quantities of interest.” Wind Energy Science. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1737-2025.

Camarena, E., E. Anderson, and K. Bonney. “Aeroelastic effects of adhesive bond lines.” Authorea. (2024). 10.22541/au.170664377.77106999/v1

Cheung, L., K. Brown, P. Sakievich, N. deVelder, T. Herges, D. Houck, and A. Hsieh. “A Green’s Function Wind Turbine Induction Model That Incorporates Complex Inflow Conditions.” Wind Energy (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2956.

Cheung, L. C., K. A. Brown, D. R. Houck, and N. B. deVelder. “Fluid-Dynamic Mechanisms Underlying Wind Turbine Wake Control with Strouhal-Timed Actuation.” Energies (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040865.

Cheung, L., G. Yalla, K. Brown, N. deVelder, A. Hsieh, T. Herges, D. Houck, D. Maniaci, P. Sakievich, and A. Abraham. “Modification of wind turbine wakes by large-scale, convective atmospheric boundary layer structures.” J. Renewable Sustainable Energy (2024). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0211722.

Davis, O., G. Geraci, and M. Motamed. “Deep Learning Without Global Optimization by Random Fourier Neural Networks.” SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2024). https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11894.

Fredrik, J., K. Brown, G. Yalla, L. Cheung, N. deVelder, D. Houck, E. Simley, and P. Fleming. “Comparison of wind-farm control strategies under realistic offshore wind conditions: turbine quantities of interest.” Wind Energy Science. (2025). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-755-2025.

Fritz, E., C. Kelley, and K. Brown. “On optimizing the sensor spacing for pressure measurements on wind turbine airfoils spacing for pressure measurements on wind turbine airfoils.” Wind Energy Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1713-2024.

Houchens, B. C., E. G. Sproul, J. C. Berg, P. G. Caserta, M. H. Hernandez, D. R. Houck, H. Lopez, D. C. Maniaci, G. Monroe, J. Paquette, S. Rodriguez, J. N. Tilles, N. B. deVelder, M. Williams, C. H. Westergaard, T. McIntosh, J. A. Payant, and K. Wetzel. “Techno-Economic Analysis of Additively-Manufactured Wind Turbine Blade Tips That Enable Technology Integration.” Wind Energy (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2950.

Houck, D., N. deVelder, D. Maniaci, and B. Houchens. “Method to predict the minimum measurement and experiment durations needed to achieve converged and significant results in a wind energy field experiment.” Wind Energy Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1189-2024.

Houck, D. R., N. B. deVelder, D. C. Maniaci, and B. C. Houchens. “Method to predict the minimum measurement and experiment durations needed to achieve converged and significant results in a wind energy field experiment.” Wind Energy Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1189-2024.

Hsieh, A., L. Cheung, M. Blaylock, K. Brown, D. Houck, T. Herges, N. deVelder, D. Maniaci, G. Yalla, P. Sakievich, W. Radunz, and B. Carmo. “Model Intercomparison of the ABL, Turbines, and Wakes Within the AWAKEN Wind Farms under Neutral Stability Conditions.” Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0211729.

Norris, R. E., B. L. Ennis, R. J. Clarke, D. A. Miller, D. D. Samborsky, F. Xiong and E. Camarena. “Initial Assessment of Alternative Carbon Fiber Geometries for Design of Cost-Effective Compressive Performance: Size Effect Studies.” Composites (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112181.

Rybchuk, A., L. A. Martinez-Tossas, S. Letizia, N. Hamilton, A. Scholbrock, E. Maric, D. R. Houck, T. G. Herges, N. B. deVelder, and P. Doubrawa. “Ensemble-based, large-eddy reconstruction of wind turbine inflow in a near-stationary atmospheric boundary layer through generative artificial intelligence.” Wind Energy (2024). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.14024.

Sproul, E. G., S. A. Khalifa and B. L. Ennis. “Environmental and Economic Assessment of Wind Turbine Blade Recycling Approaches.ACS Sustainable Resource Management (2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00256.

Yalla, G., K. Brown, L. Cheung, D. Houck, N. deVelder, and N. Hamilton. “Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of active wake mixing dynamics in a stable atmospheric boundary layer.” Wind Energy Science (2025). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2449-2025. 

Yalla, G., K. Brown, L. Cheung, D. Houck, N. deVelder, and B. Jayaraman. “Estimating annual energy production of wake mixing control strategies including comparisons to wake steering.” (In Review). https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-250/.

Anderson, E., M. Blaylock, R. Haluza, C. Seeley, and S. Bakhmatova. “Modeling and Validation of Bird Strike Impacts on Offshore Turbine Blades.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Anderson, E., M. Blaylock, S. Schneider, D. Johnston, S. Kramer, G. Chang, and L. Cheung. “Bird and Bat Collision Force Calculations for Blades of an Offshore Wind Turbine.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Bidram, A., M. J. Reno, T. Patel, D. J. Kelly, and Y. Alkraimeen. “Modeling of Inverter-Based Resources for Protection Studies Considering Momentary Cessation.” IEEE Innovation Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Nov. 6-9, 2023.

Brown, K., L. Cheung, N. deVelder, T. Herges, A. Hsieh, M. Blaylock, G. Yalla, R. Knaus, D. Maniaci, and B. Hirth. “Estimating Uncertainties from Dual-Doppler Radar Measurements of Onshore Wind Plants Using LES.” The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Florence, Italy, May 28-June 1, 2024. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 2767. No. 9. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092111.

Cheung, L., P. Mohan, K. Brown, and M. Henry de Frahan. “Data generation workflow for meso/microscale coupled offshore wind farm simulations.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Cheung, L., G. Yalla, P. Mohan, A. Hsieh, K. Brown, N. deVelder, D. Houck, and M. Henry de Frahan. “Modeling the effects of AWC on wake behavior through large scale coherent structures.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Cheung, L., K. Brown, G. Yalla, N. deVelder, T. Herges, A. Hsieh, D. Houck, M. Blaylock, and D. Maniaci. “Modification of inflow turbulence due to blockage effects.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Choi, J., J. E. Quiroz, R. T. Brito, R. Darbali-Zamora, E. E. Aponte-Bezares and M. S. Lave. “An Assessment of Wind-Hybrid Microgrids in Puerto Rico Using Microgrid Design Toolkit.” 56th North American Power Symposium (NAPS), El Paso, Texas, USA, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS61145.2024.10741697.

Davis, O., G. Geraci, and M. Motamed. “Deep Learning without global optimization by random Fourier features.” 18th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods, Copper Mountain, Colorado, USA, April 14-19, 2024.

Davis, O., G. Geraci, and M. Motamed. “Deep Learning without Global Optimization by Random Fourier Features.” Los Alamos National Laboratory workshop on Scale Bridging, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, April 26, 2024.

Davis, O., G. Geraci, and M. Motamed. “Surrogate modeling with Deep Random Fourier Features Residual Networks and Multi-Fidelity Information.” 16th World Congress on Computational Mechanics and 4th Pan American Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM 2024), Vancouver, Canada, July, 2024.

Fragkos, G., B. Jones, M. McCarty, V. Venkataramanan. “An Artificial Intelligent Intrusion Detection System for Wind Networks.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Herges T., D. Houck, and C. Kelley. “Correlation of Blade Loading with Spinner Lidar Measured Inflow.” The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Florence, Italy, May 28-June 1, 2024. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 2767. No. 4. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/4/042039.

Houchens, B., P. Caserta, M. Hernandez, D. Houck, D. Maniaci, J. Paquette, E. Sproul, J. Tilles, N. deVelder, M. Williams, C. Westergaard, J. Payant and K. Wetzel. “Design and Testing of an Additive Manufactured Tip for Wind Turbine Blades.” Sandia Blade Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Sept.17-19, 2024.

Houchens, B., E. Lang and J. Gentle. “Development of an Airborne Wind Energy Testbed in the United States.” Airborne Wind Energy Conference, Madrid, Spain, April 25-26, 2024.

Houck, D., K. Brown, N. deVelder, P. Doubrawa, T. Herges, S. Letizia, and C. Kelley. “Validation of Inflow Creation Methods Using Data Assimilation Against SCADA Data: Trends from a field campaign.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Hsieh, A., L. Cheung, M. Blaylock, T. Herges, D. Houck, K. Brown, W. Radunz, and B. Carmo. “Model Validation of the ABL, Turbine, and Wakes for AWAKEN Simulations under Neutral Stability Conditions.” NAWEA/WindTech 2024, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2024.

Kamala, S. R., J. Choi and R. Darbali-Zamora. “Unintentional Islanding Detection for Type-I Wind Turbine Generators Using Feeder Protection Relays: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Test.” 2024 56th North American Power Symposium (NAPS), El Paso, Texas, USA, 2024.

Moore, K. R., I. D. Brownstein, and H. K. Ross. “Critical design load case fatigue and ultimate failure simulation for a 10-m H-type vertical-axis wind turbine.” The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Florence, Italy, May 28-June 1, 2024. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2767, No. 7. IOP Publishing 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/7/072025.

Maniaci, D., R. Clarke, A. Reyna, R. Davies, A. Hsieh, and J. Paquette. “Measuring the Performance Impact of Erosion.” 5th International Symposium on Leading Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades, Roskilde, Denmark, Feb. 6-8, 2024.

Maniaci, D., J. Naughton, S. Haupt, J. Jonkman, A. Robertson, M. Churchfield, N. Johnson, A. Hsieh, L. Cheung, T. Herges, and C. Kelley. “Offshore Wind Energy Validation Experiment Hierarchy.” The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Florence, Italy, May 28-June 1, 2024. Journal of Physics: Vol. 2767, No. 6. IOP Publishing 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/6/062039.

Mohazzem Hossain, S., T. Patel, S. Brahma, and M. J. Reno. “Modeling of Hybrid Farm in Grid Following and Grid Forming Modes for Short Circuit Studies.” IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech) Springdale, Arkansas, USA, April 3-5, 2024.

Moore, K., G. Bacelli, and K. Ruehl. “SYNERGIES Lightning Talks: Dispatchable Offshore Co-Gen Plants.” SAND2024-06267PE.

Ojetola, S. T., T. R. Patel, S. Mohazzem Hossain, M. J. Reno, and S. Brahma. “Impact of Collector Network Aggregation of Solar and Type 4 Wind Farms for Short Circuit Studies.” IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech) Springdale, Arkansas, USA, April 3-5, 2024.

Sproul, E. “United States Wind Turbine Blade Recycling Assessment.” Sandia Blade Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Sept. 17-19, 2024.

Williams, M., J. N. Tilles, D. Samborsky, and J. Paquette. “Understanding Effects of Multiple Lightning Strikes on Pultruded Carbon Fiber Wind Blades.” International Conference on Lightning Protection, Dresden, Germany, Sept. 1-7, 2024.

Bagla, A., E. Camarena, and W. Yu. “Three-dimensional structural analysis of shell structures using MSG-based beam model.” American Society for Composites 39th Annual Technical Conference, San Diego, California, USA, Oct. 21-24, 2024.

Yalla, G., “Understanding power and load trade-offs in active wake control.” Sandia Blade Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Sept. 17-19, 2024.

Anderson, E. M., A. G. Motes, E. G. Sproul, J. A. Paquette, and B. Mertz. “Investigation of an Intermittent Binary Control Strategy for Distributed Aerodynamic Control Devices for Load Alleviation in Wind Turbine Blades.” SAND2024-03242, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 2024. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2429999/.

Cheng, Z., T. R. Patel, J. Holbach, and M. J. Reno. “Assessing Inverter-Based Resources Modeling Gaps in Commonly Used Short-Circuit Programs.” SAND2024-13494, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2480122.

Devin, M. C. “Anchoring Strategies for Marine Renewable Energy at the Sandia Water Impact Facility.” SAND2024-01439, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Ennis, B. L., R. Clarke, J. Paquette, R. E. Norris, S. Das, D. A. Miller, and D. D. Samborsky. “Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design: Follow-On Studies.” SAND2023-11080, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 2023. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2430157/.

Ennis, B. “ARCUS Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Project Final Report.” SAND2024-01431O, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 2024.

Herges, T. G., D. C. Maniaci, M. C. Debnath, R. M. Fao, N. M. Hamilton, R. Krishnamurthy, and J. W. Naughton. “Wind Energy Instrumentation Development Roadmap.” SAND2024-14247, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 2024.

Herges, T., M. Blaylock, K. Brown, L. Cheung, N. deVelder, D. Houck, A. Hsieh, D. Maniaci, P. Sakievich, and G. Yalla. “High Performance Computing 2024 Annual report: AWAKEN the Wind.” SAND2024-134970, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/165/2024/12/Sandia-HPC- Report-2024.pdf.

Kamala, S. R., and M. J. Reno. “Impact of K-factor on Short Circuit Program Convergence for Inverter-Based Resources during Faults.” SAND2024-15277, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, November 2024.

Muenz, U., S. Bhela, N. Xue, A. Banerjee, M. J. Reno, D. Kelly, E. Farantatos, A. Haddadi, D. Ramasubramanian, and A. Banaie. “Protection of 100% Inverter-dominated Power Systems with Grid-Forming Inverters and Protection Relays – Gap Analysis and Expert Interviews.” SAND204-04848, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, April 2024.

Paquette J., M. Williams, R. Clarke, M. Devin, S. Sheng, C. Constant, C. Clarke, J. Fields, V. Gevorgian, M. Hall, J. Jonkman, J. Keller, A. Robertson, L. Sethuraman, and J. van Dam. “An Operations and Maintenance Roadmap for U.S. Offshore Wind – Enabling a Cost-Effective and Sustainable U.S. Offshore Wind Industry through Innovative Operations and Maintenance.” United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, May 2024. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/operations-maintenance-roadmap-us-offshore-wind.pdf.

Abbas, Nikhar J., Pietro Bortolotti, Christopher Kelley, Joshua Paquette, Lucy Pao, Nick Johnson, “Aero-servo-elastic co-optimization of large wind turbine blades with distributed aerodynamic control devices,” Wind Energy, (August 2023): https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/we.2840.

Brown, K., P. Bortolotti, E. Branlard, M. Chetan, S. Dana, N. deVelder, P. Doubrawa, N. Hamilton, C. Ivanov, J. Jonkman, C. Kelley, and D. Zalkind, “One-to-one aeroservoelastic validation of operational loads and performance of a 2.8 MW wind turbine model in OpenFAST,” Wind Energy Science, (2024). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1791-2024.

Brown, K., and T. Herges, “High-fidelity retrieval from instantaneous line-of-sight returns of nacelle-mounted lidar including supervised machine learning,” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, (2022): https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1905349.

Camarena, E., R. J. Clarke, and B. L. Ennis, “Compressive strength improvements from noncircular carbon fibers: A numerical study,” Composites Science and Technology, (2023): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.110168.

Cheung, L., K. Brown, D. Houck, N. deVelder, “Fluid-Dynamic Mechanisms underlying Wind Turbine Wake Control with Strouhal-Timed Actuation,” Energies, (Feb. 2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040865.

Devin, M. C., N. R. Mendoza, A. Platt, K. Moore, J. Jonkman, and B. L. Ennis, “Enabling Floating Offshore VAWT Design by Coupling OWENS and OpenFAST,” Energies, (2023): https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052462.

Ennis, B. L., S. Das, and R. E. Norris, “Economic competitiveness of pultruded fiber composites for wind turbine applications,” Composites Part B: Engineering, (2023a): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110960.

Letson, F., and S. C. Pryor, “From Hydrometeor Size Distribution Measurements to Projections of Wind Turbine Blade Leading-Edge Erosion,” Energies, (2023): https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093906.

Raghukumar, K., T. Nelson, M. Jacox, C. Chartrand, J. Fiechter, G. Chang, L. Cheung, “Projected cross-shore changes in upwelling induced by offshore wind farm development along the California coast,” Nature Communications: Earth & Environment. (2023): https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00780-y.

Sharma, Ashesh, Michael J. Brazell, Ganesh Vijayakumar, Shreyas Ananthan, Lawrence Cheung, Nathaniel deVelder, Marc T. Henry de Frahan, Neil Matula, Paul Mullowney, Jon Rood, Philip Sakievich, Ann Almgren, Paul S. Crozier, Michael A. Sprague, “ExaWind: Open-source CFD for hybrid-RANS/LES geometry-resolved wind turbine simulations in atmospheric flows,” Wind Energy, (Jan. 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2886.

Veers, Paul, Carlo L. Bottasso, Lance Manuel, Jonathan Naughton, Lucy Pao, Joshua Paquette, Amy Robertson, Michael Robinson, Shreyas Ananthan, Thanasis Barlas, Alessandro Bianchini, Henrik Bredmose, Sergio González Horcas, Jonathan Keller, Helge Aagaard Madsen, James Manwell, Patrick Moriarty, Stephen Nolet, and Jennifer Rinker, “Grand challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of future wind turbine systems.” Wind Energ. Sci., (2023), https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1071-2023.

Aparicio, M. Jimenez, and R. Darbali-Zamora. “Fast-acting Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Control for Distributed Wind Turbines Using Reinforcement Learning.” 4th Annual 2023 Kansas Power and Energy Conference (KPEC), Manhattan, Kansas, USA, April 27-28, 2023.

Bagla, A., W., Yu, and E. Camarena. “OpenSG: An Open-Source Multiscale Constitutive Modeling Code for Composite Structures and Materials.” American Society for Composites Thirty-Eight technical Conference. Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Sept. 17-20, 2023.

Bidram, A., M. J. Reno, T. Patel, D. J. Kelly, and Y. Alkraimeen. “Modeling of Inverter-Based Resources for Protection Studies Considering Momentary Cessation.” IEEE Innovation Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LA), San Juan, Puerto Rico, Nov. 6-9, 2023.

Blaylock, M., K. Brown, L. Cheung, A. Hsieh, and T. Herges. “Simulations of Wind Plant Blockage to Prepare for Experimental Field Tests.” NAWEA/WindTech 2023, Denver, Colorado, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2023.

Brown, K., L. Cheung, D. Houck, N. deVelder, N. Hamilton. “Improving Wind Plant Performance in Stable Atmospheric Conditions with Active Wake Control.” NAWEA/WindTech 2023, Denver, Colorado, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2023a.

Brown, K., L. Cheung, A. Hsieh, D. Maniaci, and W. Hamilton. “Wake interactions behind individual-tower multi-rotor wind turbine configurations.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 2505. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2023b. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2505/1/012041.

Brown, K., L. Cheung, D. Houck, N. deVelder. “A fluid-dynamic perspective on active wake mixing.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023c.

Brown, K., L. Cheung, T. Herges, A. Hsieh, M. Blaylock, N. deVelder, R. Knaus, D. Maniaci, P. Sakievich, D. Houck, S. Letizia, N. Bodini, P. Brugger, F. Porte-Agel, B. Hirth. “Preliminary analysis of farmwide lidar and radar simulations for the AWAKEN experiment.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023d.

Camarena, E., R. J., Clarke, and B. L. Ennis. “Compressive strength improvements from noncircular carbon fibers: A numerical study.” Composites Science and Technology, 242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.110168.

Cheung, L., A. Hsieh, M. Blaylock, T. Herges, N. deVelder, K. Brown, P. Sakievich, D. Houck, Maniaci, D., C. Kaul, R. Rai, N. Hamilton, A. Rybchuk, R. Scot, and R. Thedin. “Investigations of Farm-to-Farm Interactions and Blockage Effects from AWAKEN Using Large-Scale Numerical Simulations.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 2505. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2023. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2505/1/012023.

Cheung, L., A. Hsieh, M. Blaylock, T. Herges, N. deVelder, K. Brown, P. Sakievich, D. Houck, D. Maniaci, C. Kaul, R. Rai, N. Hamilton, A. Rybchuk, R. Scott, R. Thedin, W. Radünze, P. Peixoto, and B. Carmo. “Model intercomparison for the AWAKEN King Plains wind farm in idealized unstable and stable conditions.” Brazil Wind Power, São Paulo Expo, São Paulo, Brazil, Oct. 22-24, 2023.

Cheung, L., K. Brown, P. Sakievich, N. deVelder, T. Herges, D. Houck, and A. Hsieh. “A Green’s function wind turbine induction model that incorporates complex inflow conditions.” NAWEA/WindTech 2023, Denver, Colorado, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2023.

Darbali-Zamora, R. and R. Jimenez Aparicio. “Volt-Var Curve Control Using Wind Turbine Generators and Photovoltaic Inverters for Voltage Regulation.” 4th Annual 2023 Kansas Power and Energy Conference (KPEC), Manhattan, Kansas, USA, April 27-28, 2023.

Darbali-Zamora, R., and J. C. Berg. “Development of a Wind Turbine Generator Volt-Var Curve Control for Voltage Regulation Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop, 2023 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies. Latin America (ISGT LA), San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2023.

Ennis, Brandon, and Kevin Moore, “A Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Optimized To Reduce The Costs Of Floating Offshore Wind Energy.” Poster. ARPA-e Innovation Summit, National Harbor, Maryland, USA, March 22-24, 2023.

Hamilton, Doubrawa, Naughton, Kelley. “Rotor Aerodynamics, Aeroelastics, and Wake (RAAW) Campaign Overview.” 75th Annual Meeting of the Division of Fluid Dynamics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, Nov. 20–22, 2022.

Herges, T., D. Houck, and C. Kelley. “SpinnerLidar Spatial Calibration and Alignment Procedure for the RAAW Experiment.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023.

Herges, T., W. Farrell, D. Maniaci, K. Brown. “Control of downstream turbines for improved power production in waked conditions.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023.

Houchens, B. “Driving innovative blade design and O&M through the Additive-Manufactured, System-Integrated Tip (AMSIT) Project.” Blades USA, Austin, Texas, USA, March 22-23, 2023a.

Houchens, Houck, Lopez, Maniaci, Monroe, Paquette, Rodriguez, Sproul, Tilles, deVelder, Williams, Westergaard, Payant and Wetzel. “Additive Manufactured, System Integrated Tips (AMSIT) for Wind Turbine Blades.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023b.

Houck, deVelder, Maniaci, Houchens. “Using Low Fidelity Simulations to Predict and Reduce Field Experiment Uncertainty, Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023.

Houck, D., J. Paquette, T. Herges, C. Kelley, “Turbine tower strain gauge calibration for thrust measurements,” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023.

Houck, D., K. Brown, N. deVelder, T. Herges, A. Hsieh, and C. Kelley. SpinnerLidar Data Assimilation Methods for Improved Inflow Modeling and Wind Turbine Loads Predictions. NAWEA/WindTech 2023, Denver, Colorado, USA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2023.

Houck, D., C. Kelley, N. deVelder, K. Brown, T. Herges. “Improved loads predictions through assimilation of SpinnerLidar inflow measurements into OpenFAST.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023.

Huang, E., B. L. Ennis, K. Moore, X. Chen, Q. Yu, Q. and P. L. Arulmary. “Conceptual Design of Tension Leg Platform with 22.3 MW Vertical Axis Turbine.” 5th International Offshore Wind Technical Conference, Exeter, Devon, England, United Kingdom, Dec. 18-19, 2023.

Huang, Edward, Brandon Ennis, Kevin, Moore, Xiaohong Chen, Qing Yu, and P. L. Arulmary. “Conceptual Design of a Tension Leg Platform with 22.3 MW Vertical Axis Turbine.” ASME 2023 5th International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. Exeter University, Devon, England, United Kingdom, Dec. 18-19, 2023.

Jimenez, M., and R. Darbali-Zamora. “Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Method for Fast Voltage Regulation using Distributed Wind Turbine Generators.” 2023 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LA), San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2023.

Kelley, C., J. Cutler, K. Brown. “Optimum Pressure Port Layout with Minimum Sensors for Wind Turbine Aerodynamics Measurements.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, May 23-26, 2023.

Maniaci, D., D. Houck, J. Cutler, and D. Houchens. “Winglet design for a wind turbine with an additively manufactured blade tip.” AIAA SciTech, Gaylord National Harbor, National Harbor, Maryland, USA, Jan. 23-27, 2023.

Moriarty, P., N. Bodini, L. Cheung, N. Hamilton, T. Herges, C. Kaul, S. Letizia, M. Pekour, and E. Simley. “Overview of recent observations and simulations from the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) field campaign.” Wake Conference, Visby, Sweden, June 19-22, 2023.

Patel, T. R., S. Brahma, and M. J. Reno. “Aggregation of Solar and Type 4 Wind Farms for Short Circuit Studies.” IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), Washington, District of Columbia, USA, Jan. 16-19, 2023.

Sproul, E., M. Williams, M. L. Rencheck, M. Korey, and B. L. Ennis. “Life cycle assessment of wind turbine blade recycling approaches in the United States.” 43rd Riso International Symposium on Materials Science: Composite for Wind Energy: Manufacturing, operation and end-of-life, Roskilde, Denmark, September 4-7, 2023.

VanderMeer, J., N. Greene, R. Darbali-Zamora, and W. Thompson, “MicroGrid Renewable Integration Dispatch and Sizing (MiGRIDS) Analysis of Spinning and Regulating Reserve Options for Wind in an Alaskan Diesel Microgrid.” IEEE Access, 2023.

Brown, K., L. Cheung, D. Houck, N. deVelder, Enabling “Fuel” Switching through On-Demand Wind Control (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2023-11231R, 2023e).

Ennis, B. L., R. Clarke, J. A. Paquette, R. E. Norris, S. Das, and D. A. Miller, Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design: Follow-on Studies Tech (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2023-11080, 2023b).

Johnson, Jay, Michael McCarty, Bryan Richardson, Craig Rieger, Rafer Cooley, Jake P. Gentle, Bradley Rothwell, Tyler Phillips, Beverly Novak, Megan Culler, Keith Schwalm, and Brian Wright, Hardening Wind Energy Systems from Cyber Threats—Final Project Report (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2023-12610, 2023).

Maniaci, D., H. MacDonald, J. Paquette, and R. Clarke, Leading Edge Erosion Classification System IEA Wind TCP Task 46 Technical Report. 2023.

Brown, K. A., and T. G. Herges, “High-fidelity retrieval from instantaneous line-of-sight returns of nacelle-mounted lidar including supervised machine learning,” Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7211-2022.

Brown, K., D. Houck, D. C. Maniaci, and C. Westergaard, “Accelerated Wind-Turbine Wake Recovery Through Actuation of the Tip-Vortex Instability,” AIAA Journal, (Feb. 11, 2022): https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J060772.

Camarena, E., E. Anderson, J. Paquette, P. Bortolotti, R. Feil, and N. Johnson, “Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail transportable blades – Part II: 3D FEM design optimization of the rotor blades,” Wind Energy Science, (2022): https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-19-2022.

Devin, M., C. N. Mendoza, J. Jonkman, A. Platt, K. Moore, and B. L. Ennis, “Enabling Offshore Floating VAWT Design through Coupling OWENS and OpenFAST,” Energies. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052462.

Ennis, B. L., H. S. Perez, and R. E. Norris, “Identification of the Optimal Carbon Fiber Shape for Cost-Specific Compressive Performance,” Materials Today Communications, (2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104298.

Hsieh, A. S., K. A. Brown, N. B. deVelder, T. G. Herges, R. C. Knaus, P. J. Sakievich, L. C. Cheung, B. C. Houchens, M. L. Blaylock, and D. C. Maniaci, “High-fidelity wind farm simulation methodology with experimental validation,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, (2021): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104754.

Mertz, B., P. Bortolotti, N. J. Abbas, N. Johnson, J. Paquette, and W. Jordan, “Leading Edge Microspoilers for Load Dumping in Wind Turbine Rotors,” Journal of Physics (2022): https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032024/meta.

Moore, K. R. and Ennis, B. L., “Aeroelastic Validation of the Offshore Wind Energy Simulator for Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines,” Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., (2022): https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2022-91.

Naughton, B., B. Houchens, B. Summerville, T. Jimenez, R. Preus, D. Reen, J. Gentle and E. Lang, “Design Guidelines for Deployable Wind Turbines for Defense and Disaster Response Missions,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2022): https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042074.

Raghukumar, K., C. Chartrand, G. Chang, L. Cheung, and J. Roberts, “Effect of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines on Atmospheric Circulation in California,” Frontiers in Energy Research (June 2022): https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.863995.

Veers, Paul, C. L. Bottasso, L. Manuel, J. Naughton, L. Pao, J. Paquette, A. Robertson, M. Robinson, S. Ananthan, A. Barlas, A. Bianchini, H. Bredmose, S. González Horcas, J. Keller, H. A. Madsen, J. Manwell, P. Moriarty, S. Nolet, and J. Rinker, “Grand Challenges in the Design, Manufacture, and Operation of Future Wind Turbine Systems,” Wind Energy Science (2022). https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2022-32.

Williams, M. J., N. Tilles, J. Paquette, D. Samborsky, and P. Clem, “Effects of Lightning on Pultruded Carbon Fiber Wind Blades,” Journal of Physics (2022): https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022080.

Young, J., D. Wilson, W. Weaver, and R. Robinett III, “A Well-Conditioned Collocation Method for Optimal Control,” SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, (Aug. 2022): https://doi.org/10.1137/130922409.

Zhang, Z., C. Santoni, T. Herges, F. Sotiropoulos, and A. Khosronejad, “Time-Averaged Wind Turbine Wake Flow Field Prediction Using Autoencoder Convolutional Neural Networks,” Energies 15 no. 1, (2022): https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010041.

Blaylock, M., B. Houchens, L. Cheung, P. Sakievich, A. Hsieh, D. C. Maniaci, and L. A. Martinez-Tossas. “Validation of actuator line and actuator disk models with filtered lifting line corrections implemented in Nalu-Wind large eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer.” AIAA SciTech 2022, San Diego, California, USA, Jan. 2022. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1845887.

Brown, K., N. deVelder, C. Kelley, P. Bortolotti, D. Zalkind, E. Branlard, J. Jonkman, P. Doubrawa, and M. Thulke. “Turbulent Inflow Data Assimilation with a 2.8 MW Wind Turbine to Validate Aeroservoelastic Modeling Techniques.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2005309.

Brown, K. and T. Herges. “High-Fidelity Retrieval of Instantaneous Line-of-Sight Returns from Nacelle-Mounted Lidar including Supervised Machine Learning.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1905349.

Cheung, L. C., M. L. Blaylock, K. A. Brown, J. Cutler, N. B. deVelder, T. G. Herges, A. S. Hsieh, and D. C. Maniaci. “Comparison of simulated and measured wake behavior in stable and neutral atmospheric conditions.” AIAA SciTech 2022, San Diego, California, USA, Jan. 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2001547.

Cheung, L., K. Brown, D. Houck, N. deVelder, and N. Hamilton. “Application of parallel-flow linear stability theory to wind turbine wakes with implications for active wake control.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2005231.

Darbali-Zamora, R., S. T. Ojetola, F. Wilches-Bernal, and J. C. Berg. “Development of a Wind Turbine Generator Volt-Var Curve Control for Voltage Regulation in Grid Connected Systems.” 54th IEEE North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Oct. 9 – 11, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004066.

Debnath, M., A. K. Scholbrock, D. Zalkind, P. Moriarty, E. Simley, N. Hamilton, C. Ivanov, R. S. Arthur, R. Barthelmie, N. Bodini, A. Brewer, L. Goldberger, T. Herges, B. Hirth, G. V. Lungo, D. Jager, C. Kaul, P. Klein, R. Krishnamurthy, S. Letizia, J. K. Lundquist, D. Maniaci, R. Newsom, M. Pekour, S. C. Pryor, M. T. Ritsche, J. Roadman, J. Schroeder, W. J. Shaw, J. Van Dam, and S. Wharton. “Design of the American Wake Experiment (AWAKEN) field campaign.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/82128.pdf.

Farrell, W., T. Herges, D. Maniaci, and K. Brown. “Wake state estimation of downwind turbines using recurrent neural networks for inverse dynamics modelling.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2003095.

Hamilton, N., K. Brown, A. Scholbrock, and P. Doubrawa. “Largescale photogrammetry and blade aeroelastic response in the RAAW project.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022.

Herges, T., J. Paquette, and C. Kelley. “National Rotor Testbed Strain Gauge Calibration and Compensation Process.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004799.

Houck, D. and N. deVelder. “Novel, Nacelle-mounted spire for accelerated wind turbine wake decay.” AIAA SciTech 2022, San Diego, California, USA, Jan. 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1906636.

Houck, D. R., N. deVelder, and C. L. Kelley. “Comparison of a mid-fidelity free vortex wake method to a high-fidelity actuator line model large eddy simulation for wind turbine wake simulations.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, June 3 – 5, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1862674.

Houck, D. R., T. G. Herges, A. S. Hsieh, N. B. deVelder, and L. A. Martinez. “A hub-mounted SpinnerLidar for the RAAW experiment: Design, progress, and anticipated analyses.” NAWEA WindTech Conference 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022.

Hsieh, A., M. Blaylock, L. Cheung, T. Herges, N. deVelder, K. Brown, and D. Maniaci. “Effects of Stability on Blockage in LES Simulations.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004742.

Kelley, C., J. Naughton, and P. Doubrawa. “Rotor Aerodynamics, Aeroelastics, and Wake Project Overview.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004712.

Menhorn, F., G. Geraci, D. T. Seidl, R. N. King, M. S. Eldred, H. -J. Bungartz, and Y. M. Marzouk. “Multilevel Monte Carlo derivative-free optimization under uncertainty of wind power plants.” ECCOMAS Congress 2022, Oslo, Norway, June 5 – 9, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2003512.

Naughton, B., B. Houchens, B. Summerville, T. Jimenez, R. Preus, D. Reen, J. Gentle, and E. Lang. “Design Guidelines for Deployable Wind Turbines for Defense and Disaster Response Missions.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2022. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042074/meta.

North Piegan III, G. E., R. Darbali-Zamora, and J. C. Berg. “Development and Validation of a Wind Turbine Generator Simulation Model.” 54th IEEE North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Oct. 9 – 11, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004065.

Ojetola, S. T., R. Darbali-Zamora, and F. Wilches-Bernal. “An Advanced Voltage Regulation Control for Distributed Wind Turbine Generators.” 14th IEEE North American Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) Conference, Jan. 16 – 19, 2023. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10066390/.

Paquette, J. “Leading Edge Erosion: Quantifying Impacts of Performance and Reliability.” EPRI Wind and Solar Innovation Workshop, July 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004117.

Paquette, J. “Wind Turbine Blade Inspection Techniques.” ESIG O & M Users Group Fall Meeting, 2022.

Ryan, J. C., and B. L. Ennis. “Accurate Modeling of Material Nonlinearities in a Wind Turbine Spar Cap.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2001643.

Vijayakumar, G., A. S. Hsieh, and N. B. deVelder. “Estimation of polars using ExaWind for modern wind turbine airfoils.” NAWEA/WindTech 2022, Newark, Delaware, USA, Sept. 20 – 22, 2022.

Wilches-Bernal, F., R. Darbali-Zamora, B. T. Naughton, and J. D. Flicker. “Model Characterization and Frequency Regulation in Wind-Diesel Hybrid Microgrids.” 54th IEEE North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Oct. 9 – 11, 2022. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10012223.

Young, J., D. Wilson, W. Weaver, and R. Robinett. “The Optimal Control with Implicit Phase Coordination of a Collective of Wind Turbines.” Energynautics 21st Wind & Solar Integration Workshop, The Hauge, Netherlands, Oct. 12 – 14, 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004539.

Berg, J. C., B. T. Naughton, and R. Darbali-Zamora, Distributed Energy Technology Laboratory Wind Turbine Emulator Design Documentation (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2022-16344, 2022). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1899657.

Bidadi, S., M. Brazell, N. Brunhart-Lupo, M. T. Henry de Frahan, D. H. Lee, J. Hu, J. Melvin, P. Mullowney, G. Vijayakumar, R. D. Moser, J. Rood, P. Sakievich, A. Sharma, A. Williams, M. A. Sprague, Demonstrate multi-turbine simulation with hybrid-structured / unstructured-moving-grid software stack running primarily on GPUs and propose improvements for successful KPP-2 (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2022-13899R, 2022). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1891592.

Camarena, E., E. Anderson, K. Ruehl, R. J. Clarke, J. Paquette, and B. L. Ennis, NuMAD v3.0 (3.0), Zenodo [code], 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5851606.

Crozier, P., C. Adcock, S. Ananthan, L. Berger-Vergiat, M. Brazell, N. Brunhart-Lupo, M. T. Henry de Frahan, J. Hu, R. Knaus, J. Melvin, B. Moser, P. Mullowney, J. Rood, A. Sharma, S. Thomas, G. Vijayakumar, A. Williams, R. Wilson, I. Yamazaki, M. A. Sprague, Harnessing exascale for whole wind farm high-fidelity simulations to improve wind farm efficiency (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-14238C, 2022). https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1897371.

Ennis, B., and K. Moore, OWENS Brandmark 1-Pager (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2022-6856M, 2022).

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Wind Turbine Generator Impacts to Marine Vessel Radar. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2022. https://doi.org/10.17226/26430.

Naughton, B., T. Jimenez, R. Preus, B. Summerville, B. Whipple, D. Reen, J. Gentle, and E. Lang, Design Guidelines for Deployable Wind Turbines for Military Operational Energy Applications (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-14581 R, 2022). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1876561.

Naughton, B., Deployable Wind-Hybrid Power Systems for Defense and Disaster Response Applications (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-14967, 2022). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1832973.

Sprague, M. A., S. Ananthan, R. Binyahib, M. Brazell, M. Henry de Frahan, R. King, P. Mullowney, J. Rood, A. Sharma, S. Thomas, G. Vijayakumar, P. Crozier, L. Berger-Vergiat, L. Cheung, D. Dement, N. de Velder, D. Glaze, J. Hu, R. Knaus, D. Lee, N. Matula, T. Okusanya, J. Overfelt, S. Rajamanickam, P. Sakievich, T. Smith, J. Vo, A. Williams, I. Yamazaki, J. Turner, A. Prokopenko, R. Wilson, R. Moser, J. Melvin, ExaWind: Exascale Predictive Wind Plant Flow Physics Modeling (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2022-5239C, 2022). https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1764343.

Wilson, D., et al., Wind Farm Plant Control Architecture for Efficient ESS Utilization for Quality Power Grid Delivery (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, 2022). (forthcoming).

Anderson, E., B. Gunawan, J. Nicholas, B. Hernandez-Sanchez, “A Multicontinuum Theory Based Approach to the Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites with Degraded Stiffness and Strength Properties Due to Moisture Absorption,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 11 (2023): 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020421.

Bortolotti, P., N. Johnson, N. Abbas, E. Anderson, E. Camarena, J. Paquette, “Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail transportable blades – Part I: Conceptual design and aeroservoelastic performance,” Wind Energy Science, (2022): https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1277-2021.

Camarena, E., E. Anderson, J. Paquette, P. Bortolotti, R. Feil, and N. Johnson, “Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail transportable blades – Part II: 3D FEM design optimization of the rotor blades,” Wind Energy Science, (2022): https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-19-2022.

Camarena, E., R. J. Clarke, and B. L. Ennis, “Development of a compressive failure model for carbon fiber composites and associated uncertainties,” Composites Science and Technology, 211, (2021): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108855.

Ennis, B. L., H. S. Perez and R. E. Norris, “Identification of the Optimal Carbon Fiber Shape for Cost-Specific Compressive Performance,” 2022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1887408.

Houck, D. R., “Wake Management Techniques for Wind Turbines,” Wind Energy, (2021): https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2668.

Moore, K .R., and B. L. Ennis, “Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Steady and Unsteady Aerodynamics for Curved Deforming Blades.” AIAA Journal. (Aug. 2021): https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J060476.

Anderson, E., “Investigation of Spatial Smoothing Techniques Applied to Design Variables in Structural Optimization Problems.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870753.

Blaylock, M., L. A. Martinez-Tossas, P. Sakievich, B. Houchens, A. Hsieh, D. Maniaci, and M. Churchfield. “Comparison of Actuator Line Model and a Filtered Lifting Line Correction Implemented in Nalu Wind Large Eddy Simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870579.

Brown, K., D. Houck, D. C. Maniaci, and C. Westergaard. “Rapidly Recovering Wind Turbine Wakes with Dynamic Pitch and Rotor Speed Control.” AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum (Virtual Event), Jan. 11-15 and 19-21, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1837805.

Brown, K., T. Herges, and D. Maniaci. “Ensemble neural networks for postprocessing contaminated Doppler LiDAR spectra to improve wind turbine wake diagnostics.” Sandia Machine Learning and Deep Learning Conference 2021 (Virtual Event), July 19, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1883468.

Brown, K., N. deVelder, D. Houck, D. Maniaci, C. Westergaard, L. Cheung, J. Cutler, and C. Kelley. “Towards Periodic Blade Pitching to Increase Deep Array Power in Wind Plants.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870978.

Brown, K., T. Herges, L. Cheung, M. Blaylock, A. Hsieh, and D. Maniaci. “Towards Higher-Order Validation Methodology for Actuator Line LES Near-Wake Predictions using Nacelle-Mounted LiDAR Measurements.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1882335.

Cheung, L., M. J. Brazell, A. Hsieh, S. Ananthan, G. Vijayakumar and N. deVelder. “Computation and comparison of the stable Northeastern US marine boundary layer.” AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum (Virtual Event), Nashville, TN, USA, Jan. 11-15, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1835973.

Clarke, R., and J. Paquette. “Understanding the Uncertainty in Static Strength Predictions of Composite Laminates in Wind Blades.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870357.

Darbali-Zamora, R., F. Wilches-Bernal, and B. Naughton. “Configurable Microgrid Modelling with Multiple Distributed Energy Resources for Dynamic System Analysis.” 2021 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Washington, DC, USA, July 26-29 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1884173.

deVelder, N. and A. Hsieh. “Lead-in Refinement Length Effects on Actuator Line Model Quantities.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021.

Dowden, K., J. Paquette, D. Maniaci, and A. Hsieh. “Effect of Leading Edge Erosion on Wind Turbine Performance from Simulation and Field Data.” AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum (Virtual Event), Nashville, TN, USA, Jan. 11-15, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1836890.

Houchens, B. C., D. Marian, S. Pol, and C. Westergaard. “Pilot-scale Performance of AeroMINE at low wind speeds.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1870762.

Hsieh, A. S., D. C. Maniaci, G. Geraci. “Multifidelity Uncertainty Quantification of Wind Turbine Interaction Using Enhanced Nalu-Wind Actuator Simulations.” AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum (Virtual Event), Nashville, TN, USA, Jan. 11-15, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1836180.

Hsieh, A., D. Maniaci, G. Geraci, D. T. Seidl, T. Herges, K. Brown, and J. Cutler. “Application of Multilevel-Multifidelity Uncertainty Quantification Towards Multi-turbine Interaction and Wake Characterization.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870979.

Krath, E. H., B. Houchens, D. Marian, S. Pol, and C. Westergaard. “Multivariate Design and Optimization of AeroMINE Internal Turbine Blade.” AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum, (Virtual Event), Aug. 9-11, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1882285.

Maniaci, D., K. Dowden, J. Paquette, R. Davies, and A. Hsieh. “Performance Impact of Leading Edge Erosion from Simulation and Field Data.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870754.

Maniaci, D. M., K. R. Dowden, J. A. Paquette, and A. Hsieh. “Power performance effect of leading edge erosion from simulation and field data.” 2nd International Symposium on Leading Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades, (Virtual Event), Feb. 2-4, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1844467.

Mertz, B., J. Paquette, N., Johnson. “Low-Fidelity Modeling of Active Flow Control Devices for Wind Turbine Applications.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021.

Moore, K. and B. Ennis. “Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Steady and Unsteady Aerodynamics for Curved Deforming Blades.” AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum (Virtual Event), Nashville, TN, USA, Jan. 11-15, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1877526.

Naughton, B. “Deployable Wind Turbines for Resilient Operations.” Resilience Week 2020 (Virtual Symposium), Oct. 19-23, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1826982.

Naughton, B. “Deployable Wind Turbines to Enhance Contingency Base Resilience.” Defense TechConnect Summit 2020 (Virtual Event), National Harbor, Washington, DC, USA, Nov. 16-19, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1829223.

Paquette, J., and C. Kelley. “Preliminary Design of a Bi-Wing Wind Blade with Partial Span Pitch Control.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1870756.

Paquette, J. “Blades Global 2021: Erosion.” Blades Global 2021 virtual conference, March 10, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1877843#:~:text=Average%20tip%20speed%20in%20the,rates%20drive%20the%20damage%20mechanisms.

Riley, T. G. “Sandia National Labs Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility – Navigating Safely into the 2020s.” American Clean Power O&M and Safety Virtual Summit, Aug. 23-25, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1884075.

Riley, T. G., “Evolution of safety management within the Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility Program.” 38^th International System Safety Conference, (Virtual Event), Oct. 27, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1826431.

Seidl, D. T., G. Gianluca, R. King, F. Menhorn, and A. Glaws. “Multifidelity Strategies for OUU of Wind Power Plants.” AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum (Virtual Event), Nashville, TN, USA, Jan. 11-15, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1836901.

Williams, M., J. Paquette, J. Tilles, and P. Clem. “Effects of Lightning Damage on Carbon Fiber in Wind Blades.” Wind Energy Science Conference 2021, Hannover, Germany (Virtual Event), May 25-28, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2003322.

Young, J., W. W. Weaver, D. G. Wilson, and R. D. Robinett III. “The Optimal Control of Type-4 Wind Turbines Connected to an Electric Microgrid.” 20th Wind Integration Workshop, International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants (Virtual Event), Berlin, Germany, Sept. 29-30, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1883043.

Weaver, W. W., D. G. Wilson, R. D. Robinett III, and J. Young. “DC Bus Collection of Type-4 Wind Turbine Farms with Phasing Control to Minimize Energy Storage.” 20th Wind Integration Workshop, International Workshop on Large- Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants (Virtual Event) Berlin, Germany, Sept. 29-30, 2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1886759.

Houchens, B. and E. Krath, AeroMINE Pilot-scale Design and Field Tests (Livermore, CA: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-11450, 2021).

Houck, D., N. deVelder, and J. Cutler, Nacelle mounted spire for accelerated wind turbine wake decay and increased wind farm power density (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-11295R, 2021).

Lusty, A., D. Cairns, and J. Paquette, Alternative Damage Tolerant Materials for Wind Turbine Blades: An Overview (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-12461, 2021). https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1825355.

Johnson, N., J. Paquette, P. Bortolotti, M. Bolinger, E. Camarena, E. Anderson, and B. Ennis, BAR Phase I Final Report (Golden, CO: NREL, 2021).

Naughton, B., Deployable Wind-Hybrid Power Systems for Defense and Disaster Response Applications (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-14967, Nov. 2021). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1832973.

Naughton, B., T. Jiminez, R. Preus, B. Summerville, B. Whipple, D. Reen, J. Gentle, and E. Lang, Design Guidelines for Deployable Wind Turbines for Military Operational Energy Applications (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2021-14581R, Nov. 2021). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1876561.

Reilly, J., J. Gentle, A. Orrell, and B. Naughton, Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL): Use Cases and Definitions (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, Technical Report NREL/TP-7A40-76918, Feb. 2021). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1769821.

Camarena, Ernesto, Evan Anderson, Josh Paquette, Pietro Bortolotti, Roland Feil, and Nick Johnson, “Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail-transportable blades – Part 2: 3D finite element design optimization of the rotor blades,” Wind Energy Science, (2022). https://wes.copernicus.org/articles/7/19/2022/.

Doubrawa, Paula, Eliot W. Quon, Luis A. Martinez-Tossas, Kelsey Shaler, Mithu Debnath, Nicholas Hamilton, Thomas G. Herges, Dave Maniaci, Christopher L. Kelley, Alan S. Hsieh, Myra Blaylock, Paul van der Laan, Søren Juhl Andersen, Sonja Krueger, Marie Cathelain, Wolfgang Schlez, Jason Jonkman, Emmanuel Branlard, Gerald Steinfeld, Sascha Schmidt, Frédéric Blondel, Laura J. Lukassen, and Patrick Moriarty, “Multimodel validation of single wakes in neutral and stratified atmospheric conditions,” Wind Energy, 23 no. 11, (2020): 2027-2055. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2543.

Houck, D. R., “Review of Wake Management Techniques for Wind Turbines,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2668.

Hsieh, A., K. Brown, N. deVelder, T. Herges, R. Knaus, P. Sakievich, L. Cheung, B. Houchens, M. Blaylock, D. Maniaci, “High-Fidelity Wind Farm Simulation Methodology with Experimental Validation,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, (2020). https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1827603.

Yang, Xiaolei, Daniel Foti, Christopher Kelley, David Maniaci, and Fotis Sotiropoulos, “Wake Statistics of Different-Scale Wind Turbines under Turbulent Boundary Layer Inflow,” Energies 13 no. 11, (2020): 3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13113004.

Brown, Kenneth, and Thomas Herges. “Residual uncertainty in processed line-of-sight returns from nacelle-mounted lidar due to spectral artifacts.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618 no. 3, (2020). IOP Publishing, Torque 2020, Virtual Conference, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1804637.

Brown, Kenneth, Alan Hsieh, Thomas Herges, and David Maniaci. “Representation of coherent structures and turbulence spectra from a virtual SpinnerLidar for future LES wake validation.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618 no. 3, (2020). IOP Publishing, Torque 2020, Virtual Conference, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1804638.

Cheung, L. C., C. M. Kaul, A. S. Hsieh, M. L. Blaylock, and M. J. Churchfield. “Large-eddy simulations of the Northeastern US coastal marine boundary layer.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618 no. 6, (2020). IOP Publishing. Torque 2020, Virtual Conference, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1687361.

Conti, Davide, Nikolay Dimitrov, Alfredo Pena, and Thomas Herges. “Wind turbine wake characterization using the Spinner Lidar measurements.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618 no. 6. (2020). IOP Publishing. Torque 2020, Virtual Conference, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2020. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062040.

Ennis, B. L.. “An Engineering Judgment and Systems Engineering Perspective from Sandia’s Floating Offshore VAWT Project.” Wind Energy Systems Engineering Workshop, Pamplona, Spain, Oct. 2019. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1646053.

Ennis, B. L.. “Evaluation of Novel, Low-Cost Carbon Fiber Materials for use in Wind Turbine Blade Design, Carbon Fiber Conference.” Pre-Conference Seminar, Knoxville, TN, USA, Nov. 19, 2019. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643489.

Hsieh, Alan, David Maniaci, Thomas Herges, Gianluca Geraci, Tom Seidl, Michael Eldred, Myra Blaylock, and Brent Houchens. “Multilevel Uncertainty Quantification Using CFD and OpenFAST Simulations of the SWiFT Facility.” AIAA SciTech 2020, Orlando, Florida, Jan. 6-10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1949.

Herges, Thomas, C. Kelley, A. Hsieh, K. Brown, D. Maniaci and J. Naughton. “Quantification of rotor thrust and momentum deficit evolution in the wake using Nalu-Wind simulations.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618 no. 6, (2020). IOP Publishing. Torque 2020, Virtual Conference, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1804989.

Karlson, Ben. “Travis Air Force Base Pilot Mitigation Project.” Poster presentation at the AWEA Siting and Environmental Compliance Virtual Summit, Sept. 30 – Oct. 2, 2020.

Kelley, C. L., and J. Paquette. “Investigation of flutter for large, highly flexible wind turbine blades.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618 no. 5, IOP Publishing, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1822116.

King, Ryan, Andrew Glaws, Gianluca Geraci, and Michael S. Eldred. “A Probabilistic Approach to Estimating Wind Farm Annual Energy Production with Bayesian Quadrature.” AIAA SciTech 2020 Forum, Orlando, Florida, USA, Jan. 6 – 10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1951.

Maniaci, David, C. Westergaard, A. S. Hsieh, and J. Paquette. “Uncertainty Quantification of Leading Edge Erosion Impacts on Wind Turbine Performance.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618, 052082, IOP Publishing, 2020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1804645.

Menhorn, Friedrich, Gianluca Geraci, Daniel T. Seidl, Michael S. Eldred, Ryan King, Hans-Joachim Bungartz, and Youssef Marzouk. “Higher moment multilevel estimators for optimization under uncertainty applied to wind plant design.” AIAA SciTech 2020 Forum, Orlando, Florida, USA, Jan. 6 -10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1952.

Seidl, Daniel T., Geraci Gianluca, Ryan King, Friedrich Menhorn, Andrew Glaws, and Michael S. Eldred. “Multifidelity strategies for forward and inverse uncertainty quantification of wind energy applications.” AIAA SciTech 2020 Forum, Orlando, Florida, USA, Jan. 6 -10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1950.

Crocker, Dylan A., Wind Turbine Lightning Mitigation System Radar Cross-Section Reduction (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2020-9460, 2020). https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1664639.

Ennis, B. L., C. K. Kelley, B. T. Naughton, R. E. Norris, S. Das, D. Lee, and D. A. Miller, Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2019-14173, 2019). https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1562792.

Maniaci, David, Matthew Barone, Srinivasan Arunajatesan, Patrick Moriarty, Matthew Churchfield, Michael Sprague, Wind Energy High-Fidelity Model Verification and Validation Roadmap (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2020-1332, 2020). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1634281.

Naughton, Brian Thomas, Samuel Gilletly, Tamara Brown, Chris Kelley, Computational analysis of deployable wind turbine systems in defense operational energy applications (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2020-8846, 2020). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1658438.

Naughton, Brian Thomas, Robert Preus, Tony Jiminez, Brad Whipple, Jake Gentle, Market Opportunities for Deployable Wind Systems for Defense and Disaster Response (Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2020-1517, 2020). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1634278.

Sanghvi, A., B. Naughton, C. Glenn, J. Gentle, J. Johnson, J. Stoddard, J. White, N. Hilbert, S. Freeman, S. Hansen, and S. Sheng, “Roadmap for Wind Cybersecurity,” US DOE EERE Report, July 2020. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1647705.